Aeroplane.



J. R. MAOHADO.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED IEB.1. 1912.

1,030,518. Patented June 25,1912,

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awue/wtoz JasrPH Emu/A00 J. R. MAOHADO.

AEROPLANE.

' APPLICATION FILED FEB.1,1912. v 1,030,510 Patented June 25, 1912.

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AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED IEB.1,1912'.

1,030,518, Patented June 25,1912.

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avwwto'a J0sEPHR. .M/icmwo .MJ AA w w 61 Noun JOSEPH B. MACHAIDO FVALLEJO, CALIFORNIA.

AEEOPLANE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 25, 1912.

Application filed February 1, 1912. Serial No. 674,656.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JOSEPH R. MAoirAno, acitizen of the United States, residing at Vallejo, in the county ofSolano and State of California, have invented certain new' and usefulImprovements in Aeroplanes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to flying machines of the heavier-than-air type,and has special reference to an improved form of combined aeroplane andhelicopter,

The principal object of the invention is to improve the generalconstruction of devices of this character.

A second object of this invention is to provide an improved frameconstruction for devices of this character.

A third object of the invention is to provide an improved arrangementtoelevate the planes.

With the above and other objects in view the invention consists ingeneral of certain novel constructions, arrangements and combinations ofparts as will be hereinafter fully described, illustrated in theaccompanying drawings, and specifically claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, like characters of reference indicate likeparts in the several views, and: Figure l is a topplan View of a flyingmachine constructed in accordance with this invention. Fig. 2 is a sideelevation thereof. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section taken on the line 33,Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a front elevation of the flying machine. Fig. 5 is asection on the llne 5-5, Fig. 3. Fig. dis a partial sectional view onthe line 66, Fig. 3, looking at the rearof the main frame. 1

The framework of the invention comprises an upper rectangular framehaving longitudinal bars 10 and cross bars 11 all made of lighttubingsuch as aluminum or the like metal. It is to be noted that the balanceof the framework of the machine is' also made, with the exception of thebrace wires, out of the same kind of tubin EX- tending betweenthe'transverse mem ers 11 of the main frame adjacent the center thereofis a pair of tubes 12 and also between said members 11 are brace rods13, certain of 'said rods being-provided with journals 14 for thevertical propeller shafts. Beneath this upper frame is a lower frameconsisting of longitudinal members 15 and transverse members 16, thelower frame being of somewhat less width than the upper frame as can beseen by reference to Figs. 4 and 5. The

transverse memberslfi are connected adjacent each member 15 longitudinalbraces 17. The upper and lower main frames are connected at theircorners by diagonal struts 18 and intermediate their ends by verticalstruts 19. Extending rearwardly from the upper frame is a pair of tubes20 which are in alinement with the braces 12 of the upper frame andthese tubes have their rear ends connected to an upper balancing framecomprising transverse members 21 and longitudinal members 22, the latterbeing connected together by brace bars 23, certain of which may beprovided with journals as indicated at 24. Extending rearwardly from thecenter of the rear lower member 16 is a single tube 25 which has itsrear end connected to two diverging tubes 26, these having their rearends in turn connected to a lower tail frame comprising the longitudinalmembers 27and transverse members 28 connected by the usual brace bars29.

Extending upwardly from the lower main frame is a pair of standards 30whereon is pivotally mounted a rectangular pipe frame consisting of thelongitudinal members 31 and the transverse members 32, the latter beingconnected by suitable braces 33. Se cured to the lower main frame andextending downward therefrom are struts 3i whereto are journaled wheels35, the braces 36 bein employed between the struts in .or-

der to eep the wheels in proper position. Secured beneath the plane ofthe lower main frame just forward thereof is a platform 37 whereon isjournaled a rock shaft 38 carried in suitable bearings. On thisrock'shaft is fixed a pair of rock arms 39 which are connected by links40 with the forward member 32. On the rock shaft 38 there is alsoprovided an operating lever 41 which is positioned convenient to theoperators seat 42, the latter being secured to the lower main frame inany suitable manner. By means of this arrangement the frame connected tothe uprights 30 may be tilted at will. Covering the upper main frame,the tilting frame above the main frame, and the tail frames, is asuitable fabric or the like, and the upper mainframe with its fabricwill be hereinafter referred to as the supporting frame while thetilting frame and fabric will be planes. It should be noted that theupper tical struts 43, the fabric in each instance being indicated at44.

For the purpose of righting the planeswhen the same tilt there isemployed beneath the outer ends of the main elevating plane a pair ofailerons 45, each of which has its forward edge carried on a rod 46extending between the upper struts 19 and the diagonal struts 18 whichconnect the forward members 16 and 11. Connected to the rear edge ofeach of the ailerons 45 is a cord or wire 47 which is trained oversuitable pulleys 48 and is connected to a lever 49 which extendsadjacent the drivers seat so that by raising or lowering the handle endof this lever the angles of the ailerons 45 with the supporting planemay be varied at will, it being observed that when the rear edge of oneof the ailerons is pulled downwardly the rear edge of the other will belifted upwardly. Extending between the members 28 and the members 21 arebars'50 whereto is pivoted a rod 51 carrying a rudder 52. Cords or wires53 are connected to this rudder and are led through suitable pulleys 54to a steering lever 55 pivoted on the platform 37 and arranged tobe'operated by the feet of the aviator. Extending between the members 16of the lower main frame is a plank or support 56 whereon is mounted anengine 57 preferabl of the internal combustion type and this engine isprovided with a shaft 58 which carries a gear 59 meshing with a secondgear 60 mounted on the stub shaft 61. On the shafts 58 and 61 are alsoprovided sprocket wheels 62, thus by this arrangement one of thesprockets will revolve in one direction while the other sprocket willrevolve in the opposite direction. .7 i

Extending between the upper and lower main frames are struts 63 havingbearings 64' so that they are adapted to carry shafts 65. On the rearend of these shafts 65 are propellers 66, one of said propellers beingpreferably a. right hand helix while the other propelleris a left handhelix and inside of bearings 64' are mounted sprocket wheels 62' whlch"are driven by chains 80 from the oppositely rotating sprockets 62". Ontheforward end of each of the shafts 65 is revolubly mounted a beveledgear 66' provided with a' suitable clutch member adapted to operate witha clutch member 67 splined-to the respective shaft 65. Supported insuitable bearings beneath the lower main frame ,is a rock shaft 68 whichcarries a pair of arms 69 having shipper forks 70 thereon for theactuation of the clutch members 67 Extending downward from the rockshaft 68 is a rock arm 71 which is connected by a link 72 with a lever73 ositioned adjacent the drivers seat.

uitably supported in the main frame are vertical shafts 74 each of whichcarries adjacent its upper end an elevating helix 75; these helices arealso right, and left hand. On each of the shafts 74 there is moreover abeveled gear 76 which meshes with one of the beveled gears 66 so that bythe proper manipulation of the lever 73 the operator may cause thehelices to rotate.

From the foregoing it will be seen'that by means of thelever 41 theoperator controls the elevating planes, drawing the lever back when hewishes to ascend, and pushing the same forward when he wishes todescend. By means of the lever 49 the operrator controls the raising therear edge of theright hand when the right hand side of the machine tiltsand at the same time de pressing the rear edge 'of the left hand by theproper movement of the lever 49, it being understood that the lever ismoved in the opposite direction when the right hand side of the mainplane drops below normal. It will also be obvious that by drawing on oneor the other of the cords 53 and by shoving the proper side of the lever55 upward with the foot the position of the rudder 52 will be changed,thus enabling the machine to be steered to the right or left. When theengine 57 is started clutches 67 are thrown into engagement with gears66' so that all four helices are driven at one time. It will also beobvious that while the two elevating helices and the two driving heliceshave opposite pitches they are also driven in opposite directions andhence both exert the same effect on the machine. When it is desired tostop the elevating helices lever 73 is pulled backward and through therock arm 71, link 72 and rock shaft 68, simultaneously disengaging thetwo clutches 67.

There has thus been provided a simple and efiicient device of the kinddescribed, and for the purpose specified.

It is obvious that many minor changes may be made in the form andconstruction thereof without departing from the material principlesthereof and it is'therefore not wished to confine the invention to theexact formherein shown and described, but it is .wished to'include allsuch as properly come within the scope claimed.

- Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new, is

1. In an aeroplane, a frame consisting of an upper rectangular framework of pipe, a lower rectangular frameworkof ipes having its sidesterminating short 0 the sides of the upper rectangular framework,support-ing wheels'attached to the lower framework, diagonal strutsconnecting the corners of the upper and lower frameworks, other strutsconnecting the frameworks'intermediate the diagonal struts, a pair. ofparallel brace bars extending across the upper frame, tail barsextending backward in line with the last-mentioned brace bars, arectangular pipefralne carried by said tail bars, and a tail barextending from the center line of the lower frame, diverging branchmembers extending rearwardly and outwardly from the rear end of the-last nentioned member, a rectangular frame carried by the divergingmembers, and struts connecting the rectangular frame carried by the tailmembers with the lastmenti'onedrectangular frame.

2. In an aeroplane, a frame, consisting of an upper rectangular framework of pipe, a lower rectangular framework of pipes having its sidesterminating short of the sides of the upper rectangular framework,supporting wheels attached to the lower framework, diagonal strutsconnecting the corners of the upper and lower frameworks, other strutsconnecting the frameworks intermediate the diagonal struts, a pair ofparallel brace bars extending across the upper frame, tail barsextending backward in line with the last-mentioned brace bars,avrectangular pipe frame carried 'by said tail bars, and a tail barextending from the center line of the lower frame, diverging branchmembers extending rearwardly'and outwardly from the rear end of the lastmentioned member, a rectangular frame .carried by the diverging members,struts vided with helices carried by the upper and lower rectangularframes, operative connections between thepower means and said shafts,planes Carried by the rectangular frames supported by the tail bars, arudder between the last-mentioned fram'es, a hori- .zontally disposedrudder supported by the upper rectangular frame, and righting meanscarried between the upper and lower rectangular frames.

In testimon whereof I afiix-my signature in presence of two witnesses.

H. C. SCHROEDER, M. M. ESGHERICH.

